Priyono, Joko and Sudharmawan, AA Ketut (2018) BENIH BERLAPIS PUPUK ORGANOMINERAL: PROSES DAN POTENSI KEUNTUNGAN PENGGUNAANYA DALAM USAHATANI TANAMAN PANGAN. Proseding Seminar Nasional 2018. pp. 281-286. ISSN 987-602-53669-0-1
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Text (Artikel dalam Proseding Seminar nasional)
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Abstract
Teknologi pelapisan benih telah lama dikenal dalam bidang pertanian. Namun teknologi itu perlu terus dikembangkan, terutama mengenai jenis dan komposisi bahan pelapisnya, untuk memenuhi tuntutan petani. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, riset pengembangan benih tanaman pangan berlapis pupuk organomineral telah dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui tahapan proses pelapisan dan komposisi bahan pelapis benih yang tepat, sehingga bahan pelapis tersebut cukup untuk memasok kebutuhan optimal tanaman akan unsur hara esensial, tanpa tambahan pupuk lainnya. Riset dilakukan di laboratorium untuk proses pelapisan benih dan di rumah kaca/plastik untuk mengujian perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan dari benih berlapis. Bahan pelapis benih/pupuk organomineral berupa campuran bubuk nano particles (< 0,05 µm) batuan basaltik, bubuk batuan fosfat (< 0,01 mm), bahan organik/kompos (< 1 mm), urea (untuk benih tanaman non-legum) atau senyawa bubuk kalsium karbonat (untuk benih tanaman legum), dan pupuk cair berbasis silikat berhara esensial lengkap (Orrin). Uji proses pelapisan dan ketepatan komposisi bahan pelapis benih tersebut di atas dilakuan dengan metode trial and error, mengacu pada kharakteristik masing- masing benih dan bahan pelapis, serta perhitungan kebutuhan unsur hara esensial optimum tanaman. Proses pelapisan benih dilakukan menggunakan drum PVC (berkapasitas 300L) yang diputar secara mekanik pada kecepatan 30 – 40 rpm. Setelah dicoba 4 – 6 skenario tahapan pelapisan diketahui bahwa proses pelapisan yang paling tepat adalah (1) bubuk batuan basaltik dicampur dengan bubuk batuan fosfat, bahan organik dan kalsium kabonat, kemudian dibagi dua bagian; sedangkan urea dilarutkan ke dalam pupuk cair Orrin, (2) setengah bagian dari bubuk batuan itu ditaburkan ke benih diselingi dengan pembasahan (disemprot air) agar bubuk batuan menempel di permukaan benih membentuk kapsul, (3) setengah bagian yang lain dari campuran batuan tersebut ditaburkan pada benih dengan cairan pembasah larutan urea + Orrin. Dari uji perkecambahan diketahui bahwa benih berlapis tumbuh 1 – 5 hari lebih lambat daripada yang benih tanpa pelapis. Meskipun efektivitas agronomis dan ekonomis belum diketahui (masih dalam proses pengujian di rumah kaca dan akan dilanjutkan pada kondisi lapang), pelapisan benih dengan pupuk organomineral dinilai sangat layak diterapkan secara komersial pada skala industri. Tehnologinya sederhana, relatif murah, bahan bakunya alami serta tersedia melimpah secara lokal (di Indonesia), dan ramah lingkungan. Technology of seed coating has been applied for a long times in farming. This technology, however, needs to be developed continuously, especially relating to the kind and composition of coating materials, to meet on farmers’ requirement. Regarding to the issue, a research developing seed coating for food crops using organomineral fertilizer was carried out with the objective to identify appropriate step of coating process and composition of coating materials so that the coating materials will be sufficient to supply required plant-essential nutrients without additional fertilizer. In this research, seed coating process was conducted in a laboratory, whereas seed gemination and plant growth were evaluated in a glasshouse. The coating materials or organomineral fertilizer consisted of nano particles (< 0,05 µm) of basaltic rock, ground rock phosphate (< 0,01 mm), urea (used for the non-legume plant) or calcium carbonates (used for legume plant), and Si-basis liquid fertilizer containing all plant- essential nutrients (Orrin). The goodness of coating process and of coating material composition were tested through trial and error methods while referring to the characteristics of each seed and coating material, and calculation for the optimum requirement of plant for essential nutrients. The coating process used a PVC drum (300L capacity), and it was mechanically rotated at speeds of 30 – 40 rpm. After trying 4 – 6 scenarios of coating steps, it was identified that the most appropriate coating was (1) basaltic rock was mixed with rock phosphate, organic matter and calcium carbonates, and that mixture was split into two parts; while urea was dissolved into liquid fertilizer – Orrin, (2) half of the rock mixture was step-by-step spread onto the seed in coating drum while moisten with water so that the rock powder adhered onto seed surface to form capsule like, (3) another half of rock mixture was put onto the seeds in the same way, but it was moisten with urea + Orrin solution. Result of germination test showed that the coated seeds geminated 1 – 5 days longer than of that for the uncoated seeds. Although the real agronomic and economic effectiveness has not verified (research for those are going on), the coating of seeds with organomineral fertilizer may be suitable to be applied commercially at industrial scales. The technology is simple, relatively low cost, the raw materials is natural and locally available (in Indonesia), and environmentally sound.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Keywords (Kata Kunci): | benih berlapis, pupuk organomineral, tanaman pangan, usahatani berkelanjutan |
| Subjects: | S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General) |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Ir. Joko Priyono M.Sc., Ph.D |
| Date Deposited: | 07 Jun 2022 23:34 |
| Last Modified: | 07 Jun 2022 23:34 |
| URI: | http://eprints.unram.ac.id/id/eprint/29189 |
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